Journal of Translation & Multilingualism
HEC Recognized - Y Category View HEC Website Journal of Translation & Multilingualism is a double-blind peer-reviewed, trilingual (Arabic, English and Urdu) research journal, which is published, by The Center for Translation Studies & Multilingualism (CTSM) Islamabad, Pakistan, bi-annually in both print and online modes with open access.
CENTER FOR TRANSLATION STUDIES & MULTILINGUALISM
تصاقب الألفاظ لتصاقب المعاني في الأدعية النبوية
The study of Tasaqub (phonetic contiguity) in Arabic, a phenomenon first highlighted by Ibn Jinni in his work Al-Khasa’is, focuses on the clustering of sounds in classical Arabic. This research explores the phenomenon of Tasaqub al-Alfaz li-Tasaqub al-Ma'ani (the contiguity of words due to the contiguity of meanings) in the Prophetic supplications found in Musnad Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal. By applying a phonetic-semantic analytical approach, the study examines the connection between the phonetic structure of words and their semantic content, aiming to understand how phonological patterns relate to meaning in these texts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Translation & Multilingualism
Multilingualism and its Impacts on Cognitive Potential of Generation Z
The psyche of humans is greatly impacted by language, especially when the individual possesses the ability to speak multiple languages. Multilingualism, being characterized by proficiency in multiple languages, has become common in this globalized world. Due to its widespread, researchers have started investigating its impact on human cognition and performance in different aspects of life. Various studies have suggested that with proficiency in multilingualism, not only the cognitive potential of humans is optimized, but the neuroplasticity is escalated as well. While expertise in multilingualism affects individuals of all ages, Generation Z, the individuals born from 1997 to 2012, are impacted exceedingly. This research aims to critically analyze the impression of multilingualism over the cognitive potential and its relationship with Neuroplasticity of Generation Z. In addition, the study examines the existing research that supports the constructive influence of multilingualism on memory, and problem solving. The research operates on qualitative methodology by conducting open-ended interviews of Gen Z multilinguals inquiring about their understanding of linguistic diversity and its psychological implications. The research offers the results derived from these interviews to demonstrate the impacts that multilingualism has on the cognitive as well as the psychological functioning of Generation Z. Hence, this study significantly contributes to the current debate on cognitive benefits in Multilinguals over Monolinguals particularly in the context of multilingual Gen Z.
If morals represent human external and internal image, or a description of his psychological state that can be attained by instinct, character, training or diligence, then its relationship with translation is a bigger responsibility. It is a follow-up of peoples’ thought and an exchange of interests among humans. Al-Jahid had designed integral theoretical fundaments for moralizing translation. These fundaments are extant as confirmed by Georges Mounin and several other specialists after centuries from his time. This is what this paper seeks to detail between old and contemporary scholars for determining the concept and setting foundation for the perspective.
This article examines the phenomenon of linguistic diversity in the Moroccan environment, which accommodates both national and foreign languages. Since languages vary in their material and symbolic values, their social roles tend to either complement one another or engage in competition and conflict. Language policies that are aware of actual sociolinguistic challenges can help reduce potential tensions between interconnected sociolinguistic components, thereby ensuring balance in the linguistic market. However, this is not the case in Morocco, where the French language monopolizes vital roles, while national languages, including the officially recognized Arabic and Amazigh, remain marginalized.
السرد الذاتي في كتابات الدكتور مصطفى الزباخ
In this study, we will stand at the autobiographical narrative of one of the figures of literature and thought in Morocco, namely Mustafa Al-Zabakh, this man whose career path led him to the Comoros Islands in the middle of the bays of the Indian Ocean... and there he will stand stunned before the magic of nature and the customs and conditions of the people, so he found nothing but storytelling as a means to document events and convey facts and observations, in a pleasant and funny literary style.
الاستعارة بين بناء التصورات واسخلاص القواعد
This paper aims to analyze one of the most prominent examples of common metaphors in school books, taken from the sermon of Abu Muhammad al-Hajjaj bin Yusuf al-Thaqafi, ("I see heads that have ripened and it is time to harvest them.") In this analysis, I will adopt the thematic relations hypothesis with the theory of traits. The article is organized as follows: In the first axis, we learn about the theory of traits and thematic relations hypothesis (semantic roles), we apply them in the second axis to the proposed example, and in a third point, we reveal the role of actual features, and the conceptual movement they impose on the topics, and how features and the semantic role interact in analyzing the metaphor, and revealing the simple deep structures behind the architecture of the metaphorical construction.
(Im)Possibilities of Translating Scientific Texts into Arabic
This study will address a two-point issue in translating scientific text into Arabic, as it will attempt to define its various problems, and to determine the possibilities of its practice in the current Arab academic and cultural reality. This study assumes that translating scientific texts presents a two-fold challenge: identifying problems and suggesting solutions. This challenge lies in the fact that Translating scientific texts into Arabic often encounters both objective and subjective challenges that prevent accurate, precise, and fluent translation. Such a challenge has also to do with scientific knowledge, mostly characterized by highly objective, accurate, abstract, clear, proven, argumentative and logical/ rational construction of ideas and conceptions. Firstly, the translator has to solve the more specialized/ technical lexicon of scientific texts. He/ she is required to adopt multiple approaches to find possible equivalences for scientific terms and concepts, including coining, derivation, Arabization, transcription, etc. Secondly, the translator must maintain the accuracy and neutrality of the source text; that is, he/ she must maintain the source text (ST) accurate, objective, impartial, neutral, logical and rational dimensions in the target text (TT). This study will therefore approach the objective and subjective translational issues raised by these two aspects of the scientific texts. It will also attempt to make some recommendations that can improve science translations into Arabic.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Translation & Multilingualism
The globalization of communication and media, along with the interconnectedness and interdependence of interests and relationships between various countries and peoples around the world, has significantly contributed to changing the form, nature, and scope of news circulated both nationally and internationally. Although journalistic translation primarily aims to document and convey rapidly unfolding events in local languages across different regions, it has become an essential tool due to its significant capabilities in shaping public opinion and crafting collective awareness. Moreover, it enables the manipulation and steering of public opinion in line with the interests of different lobbies and powers, thus allowing for substantial changes across political, economic, and social levels. This research aims to shed light on the intertwined relationship between new media and policies of control and influence over public opinion, in a global context characterized by globalization and the gradual erasure of borders, accompanied by the massive development of communication technologies and the expansion of social media networks.
Control and Manipulation of Public Opinion,
Manipulation of Collective Consciousness
تطبيق إستراتيجيتي " التدجين" و" التغريب" في ترجمة معاني القرآن الكريم: الدراسة التحليلية للآيات المختارة من الترجمة الإنجليزية ل " تقي الدين الهلالي ومحمد محسن خان" و"جورج سايل" أنموذجا
In our globalized world, translation interferes in every aspect of our life. One of the highly-sensitive and correlated norms in translation is the culture. Over the centuries translation theories have provided various strategies to help the translators to overcome various linguistic and cultural difficulties that arise in any intercultural exchange between different languages and cultures. Culturally bound expressions are among prominent translation problems, especially when the translation is between two completely different languages like Arabic and English. The translator's job becomes more difficult and challenging when he deals with religious texts that have a very different system, discourse. Culture is one of the main challenges in religious translation, like the translation of the Holy Qur'an. This, of course, results in the problem of non-equivalence or untranslatability. Domestication and foreignization translation strategies are two important strategies of translation in rendering religious text from a source-text language to a culture-specific target-text one. These strategies of translation have been applied to some selected verses from the Holy Qur'an by Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din Al-Hilali and Muhammad Muhsin Khan, and George Sale to investigate whether English translators tend to domesticate the religious text or foreignize it.
عربی سے اردو میں مستعار الفاظ :ایک معنوی تجزیہ
This article explores the dynamic nature of language and its constant evolution; with a particular focus on the borrowed Arabic words in Urdu, examining patterns of semantic change and their underlying causes. Given the rich historical and cultural backgrounds of both Arabic and Urdu, the significance of this theme intensifies as words go from one culturally and linguistically diverse context to a similar one. Urdu, deeply rooted in the Indian subcontinent, exhibits linguistic influences from various sources, with Arabic playing a prominent role. The research encompasses a detailed examination of the characteristics of Arabic and Urdu languages, a semantic analysis of Arabic words borrowed into Urdu, and an exploration of the factors influencing these semantic changes. Employing a descriptive and comparative research method, the study aims to unravel the intricate interplay among language, culture, semantics, and linguistic evolution.
أثر الرواية العربية على الروايات العالمية: الرواية التايلندية "من السماء الزرقاء إلى الرمال الخالدة" أنموذجاً
The article aimed to identify the impact of the Arabic novel on the Thai novel: From Blue Skies to Eternal Sands; By Thai novelist Subak Sawan. Arab novels did not stop at conquering the world with admiration and following only, but they went further than this, which is to influence their styles and literary productions, first and foremost the novels they write. The topic derives its importance from the importance of paying attention to the Arabic novel. Taking care of it first and foremost in the Arabic language is enough of its merit and importance, just as the life of a language and culture is measured by the extent of its interaction and harmony with global languages and cultures in order to guarantee its permanence and stability, and it followed the descriptive and analytical approach. The topic derives its importance from the importance of paying attention to the Arabic novel. Taking care of it first and foremost in the Arabic language is enough of its merit and importance, just as the life of a language and culture is measured by the extent of its interaction and harmony with global languages and cultures in order to guarantee its permanence and stability, and it followed the descriptive and analytical approach. It was divided into: the introduction, in the hands of the novel, the desert and sand, a place familiar to the Arabs, the characters and their influence on the novel, places, customs and traditions, the symbolism of the novel and the purposes of the metaphor, and the conclusion The article concluded that one of the most important aspects of the novel’s influence on Arabic novels is the thematic metaphor, which is evident in the aesthetics of the title and the theme of the desert and sand, with the ambiguity of these topics discussed in Thai society. The metaphor of novel characters of an Arab character, which the novelist has never dealt with before. The metaphors of places, customs, and traditions confirmed conclusively that the novel It took place in the Arab environment, and if the novel had been translated into Arabic, no one would doubt that its writer was from an Arab environment or had any relationship with it, even though the truth is otherwise. Therefore, it recommends that the Arabic language and its literary productions be studied without attachment to any intellectual ideology (the language is studied for the sake of the language).
العالم الإسلامي ومشكلات عولمة اللغة العربية: نشر اللغة العربية أنموذجاً
This research looks at the problems of the globalization of the Arabic language in the Islamic world by focusing on the problem of spreading the Arabic language. The descriptive analytical approach is applied to demonstrate the importance of creating an analysis, interpretation, and diagnosis of the problem of publishing Arabic. To deepen the analysis, the research benefited from previous studies to confirm the deep rootedness of the problems despite the existence of broad opportunities for success. The research recognizes that problems remain a barrier to strengthening the spread of Arabic and its globalization. Which requires framing a united and united action that achieves the goals, by creating a strong and cohesive body that takes into account the strengthening of Arabic and its globalization to confirm its universality, so that its syntax competes with the languages ​​of the United Nations and responds to the requirements of globalization by spreading widely around the world. The goal is for the results of this research to provide solutions for everything that has been diagnosed during the current reality in light of the solutions that the research is making that have a high chance of success The research also emphasized the necessity of establishing the International Association for Unified Action, revealing the connection between the requirements and the need for unified framing of efforts to build the association that leads, with modern methodological visions, the processes of spreading Arabic and its spread in the world, which leads to its globalization. This answers the research questions.
The problems of Arabic language globalization
The philosophy of spreading the Arabic language in the Islamic world
Prof. Dr. Hidaya Tag Elasfia Hassan Elbasre
Research in the field of cultural translation is extremely challenging, as it involves not only linguistic demands but also connotations related to the environment, beliefs, and spiritual values of different cultures. This directly influences the translator and reflects on the translation process, which essentially means conveying the main ideas contained in the translated texts faithfully. Avoiding bias towards any school of thought or content is a requirement for translating texts. Additionally, cultural translation requires sufficient knowledge of the environment in which the novel or any text was originated, as the environment also directly influences the choice of words carrying cultural connotations according to the traditions and inherited values of the society. In the context of understanding cultural connotations according to the traditions of the society, there is a necessity for the translator to be knowledgeable about the origins and history of words. This includes the study of the evolution of words, which requires definite attention to distinguish between traditional and very contemporary cultural terms. The interest in knowing the history of words stems from its assistance in understanding the cultural context based on the historical and cultural evolution of societies, in order to evaluate the contemporary word from the source language and understand the developments of languages and cultures regarding the texts that need to be translated. Cultural translation research delves into the depth of language and its rich heritage that is passed down through generations, emphasizing the close relationship between language and cultural heritage. This necessitates careful consideration of cultural diversity when translating a text, including the extraction and translation of cultural elements that often remain hidden and require additional effort to be conveyed effectively in the target language. The issue of cultural diversity is one of the main concerns that translators should consider when translating texts originating from, for example, mixed work environments. This is evident in the study of communication cases among employees in multinational companies or international organizations operating in different environments, where these environments are fertile ground for cultural diversity. Translators should guide the translation of texts to reflect the semantic meanings that take into account the cultural differences among the employees. It is essential to consider the cultural differences first and foremost to avoid causing confusion among the target audience. This comprehensive summary requires a well-thought-out plan to extract and translate cultural connotations in a way that ensures understanding in the target language. The research is based on two main axes: the theoretical axis, which defines cultural translation and studies the theories related to it, and the second axis, which applies the theoretical aspects to the conditions and rules of cultural translation, including discussions on the levels of cultural translation and providing three models to facilitate understanding of cultural translation and the translation of different texts containing cultural elements. In conclusion, the study concluded with general finds, some of that cultural translation requirements studying for different theories, giving an interpretation of the word in parentheses. In also included knowledge of the two languages from which the translation is being translated. In addition, cultural translation enhances the transfer of foreign culture; facilitate understanding of foreign cultures, which works as cultural bridge between people.
, Understanding Culture, Cultural Terms, Characteristics of Culture, Assessing the Culture
Cultural Terms, Characteristics of Culture, Assessing the Culture
Translating Suspense: The Short Story “Rescue” by Ali Al-Kasimi as a Case Study
Many elements contribute to the creation of suspense. In addition to the dramatic suspense proper, which is created through events, characterization, characters (both static and dynamic), environment (both static and dynamic), etc., there are also linguistic and stylistic elements. In the present study, which is a critical textual study of a translation that I personally completed for the short story collection Time to Leave and, in reference in particular to the short story "Rescue", we will focus primarily on the stylistic and linguistic elements necessary to the creation of suspense, mostly from a translation perspective. Nonetheless, we will not neglect other aspects that are not directly related to suspense but have a fundamental bearing to translation issues. It is to be noted that Ali Al-Kasimi is a master of both the suspense-building narrative style as well as the dramatic suspense.
قراءة ترجميّة في فواتح السور: الحروف المقطّعة أنموذجا
There is no doubt that the dialectic of the meanings of the abbreviated letters (which some surahs of the holy Quran begin with) have caused a heated debate among the scholars and the interpreters of the holy Quran, and thus resulted a divergence in transferring meanings into foreign language, causing also a controversy of points of views and a multiplicity of statements about what is meant. Since translation is the only way to carry out the essence of the holy text and its legitimate and religious content for the non- speakers of the Quran’s language. This research was carried out to point out the different trends in translation, which a minority of translator specialized in this field have followed, through which we attempted to illustrate ones of the most significant translations in which we’ve spotted controversy and multiplicity, depending here on our choices on the diversity of the abbreviated letters and the variety of the cultural backgrounds and religious orientation of translators.
Analyzing Second language acquisition through Learning Styles and Pedagogical Implications of EMI Phenomenon in Higher Education
English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) programs have witnessed substantial growth in non-Anglophone nations, shaping diverse multilingual educational landscapes, and second language acquisition (SLA) has been important throughout the implementation of EMI. This paper analyze individual characteristics, sociocultural factors, and learning styles influencing SLA. In addition, the study addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation of EMI in Kazakhstan. This study emphasizes the importance of tailored pedagogical approaches in the acquisition of SLA. In addition, the paper highlights that cognitive, affective, and physiological behaviors, play a crucial role in how learners perceive and respond to the language learning environment. Therefore, recommends the adaptation of diverse learning styles which fits the student preferences. The examination of EMI experiences in Kazakistan highlights linguistic competence issues and the need for a nuanced understanding of the transition from Russian or Kazakh medium of instruction to EMI. Additionally, the study sheds light on teachers' perceptions and challenges in delivering EMI, emphasizing the necessity for adequate training. Besides the challenges, the implementation of EMI has positive outcomes like international exposure for students, enhanced career prospects for teachers, and the overall enrichment of the learning environment.
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Translation & Multilingualism
الترجمة الآليةوالتعبيرات المتعددة المفردات: معالجةظاهرة الالتباس الدلالی
The aim of this paper is to build the linguistic resources of the Arabic language, according to a methodological conception that combines the translation approaches ( Rule-based Statistical and Linguistic), in order to be able to make an in-depth description of the multiword Expressions at the morphological, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and stylistic levels, as well as the determination of the mechanisms that characterize the ambiguity resulted from to the translation processes, as a real parameter to test the operationality of linguistic analyzers governing their mechanisms, and describing the Arabic language within the system of mental representation of natural languages and make it capable of interacting within the framework of an acculturation system aimed at the construction of a bilingual dictionary. Keywords: Linguistic Resources ; Semantic Ambiguity ; MWEs ; NooJ ;Google Machine Translation ; Arabic-French Corpora.
قرآن مجید کا ترجماتی مطالعہ: سورہ اخلاص كا معجمى اور دلالى تجزیہ
The literal translation of Holy Quran to any other language is a matter of great concern, however, research studies have been conducted for years to analyse its syntactical, lexical, semantical, rhetorical and translational aspects. Therefore, this paper comprehensively addresses translational complications by examing Surah Al-Ikhlas. In this regard, various translation books and interpretations are considered to discuss the lexical and semantical meaning of the words as well as the meaning in context. Moreover, the paper also proposes the solutions to the problems while translating and interpretting the meanings of Holy Quran. It demonstrates how to choose appropriate words for translation that lead to the closest and pertinent meaning. The results validate the significant impact of this research work in the domain of translation and interpretation of Holy Quran. Keywords: Surah Al-Ikhlas Translation- Lexical translation of Surah Al-Ikhlas- Morphological translation of Surah Al-Ikhlas.
Morphological translation of Surah Al-Ikhlas
The Applicability of Metaphor Translation Strategies By Peter Newmark
Arabic is widely known as a universally recognized literary language enriched with rhetorical styles. Metaphor is one of prominent styles of rhetoric. The Holy Quran as a part of Arabic religious literature holds many diverse rhetorical styles including metaphors which convey figurative meaning and play a major role in building up their artistic flavor. A translator while translating metaphorical expressions of the Holy Quran into another language like English, faces different problems and consequently mistranslates them which results in misunderstanding of a target text (TT) readers. The present study focuses on the English translations of selected explicit metaphors of the Holy Quran in Surah Baqarah. It aims to analyze the Arabic-to-English translation strategies adopted in rendering metaphors in Quranic discourse, with specific reference to three English translations which are: 1. The Koran Interpreted by Arther John Arberry, 2. The Noble Qur'an: English Translation of the Meanings and Commentary by Taqi Ud Deen Al-Hilali & Muhammad Muhsin Khan, 3. The Quran with Phrase by phrase English translation by Syed Ali Quli Qarai. In this research article each Quranic metaphor has been first analyzed in its Arabic context according to the authentic rhetoric exegeses of the Holy Quran, and then its three English translations have been assessed analytically and comparatively by implementing the seven strategies of metaphor translation devised by Peter Newmark. The article has been concluded with results of the comparative and analytical study of the translation of Quranic Explicit metaphors and with the conclusions of the research and some recommendations have been stated at the end of the dissertation. Key Words: Quranic Metaphor, Translation, Translation Strategies of Metaphor.
Strategies Used in the Translation of Allusions in Naguib Mahfouz's "Drift on the Nile"
Understanding cultural concepts requires an understanding of social and cultural elements. This study focuses on allusions among cultural notions. For translators, the presence of allusions presents greater challenges than a text's syntactic or semantic difficulties. Allusion translation is considered a reader-centered procedure. A literary text usually presents the culture that produced it; that is why it is challenging to convey the source cultural background through translation. Literary texts represent a culture full of intertextual relations and references to other cultural or historical texts. A literary translator has some problems translating these ‘cultural bumps’ from one language into another. One of the main problems in literary translation that causes cultural gaps is the use of allusions. The researcher attempted to identify Ritva Leppihalme's model in her book Culture Bumps: An Empirical Approach to the Translation of Allusions (1997) to effectively convey subliminal meanings and communicate cultural and religious allusions. Some excerpts from Mahfouz's "Adrift on the Nile" and its English translation by Frances Liardet in 1993 are examined to explain the strategies used to overcome the cultural bumps. This novel was chosen due to its abundance of literary and religious references, historical figure names, native Egyptian proverbs, and modified sections from the Prophet's Hadith and the Holy Quran.
Exploring Genette’s Elements in A Pair of Jeans and Tamasha
The purpose of this study is to analyze Qaisra Shahraz’s A Pair of Jeans from Moniza Shamsie’s anthology entitled And the World Changed (2007) and an Urdu short story Tamasha (2018) written by a Pakistani female Tehreem Amanullah Bukhari. The research defines the narrative elements laid out by Gerard Genette emphasizing how the story is told instead of focusing on the story itself as other narratologists did. Next, the six narrative elements of Gerard will be applied to the selected short story, which are: mimesis/diegesis, narrative focalisation, storytelling, time, packages, and thought and speech representation. The findings suggest that both the story contain mimetic and diegetic elements, narrative focalisations, effaced or covert narrators, different representations of speech and thought, analepsis and prolepsis, and embedded narratives. Keywords: Qaisra Shahraz, A Pair of Jeans, anthology, Tehreem Amanullah, Bukhari, Tamasha, narrative, elements, Genette, narratologists, short story.